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Objective@#To investigate the relationship between V-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homologue B1 (BRAF)V600E mutation and metastasis after thyroidectomy in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) with different recurrence risk stratification.@*Methods@#From March 2014 to September 2017, 134 PTC patients (45 males, 89 females; age: 16-72 years) who underwent 131I treatment in the Department of Nuclear Medicine of Liaocheng People′s Hospital and had undergone BRAFV600E mutation detection were retrospectively analyzed. The recurrence risk during surgery was divided into 3 levels: low-, medium- and high-risk. Each recurrence risk group was divided into 3 subgroups according to the postoperative follow-up results: non-metastasis group, cervical lymph node metastasis group and pulmonary metastasis group. BRAFV600E mutation rates in different groups were compared (χ2 test).@*Results@#The BRAFV600E mutation rate was 55.22%(74/134) in 134 PTC patients. The mutation rates were not significantly different in the 3 metastasis subgroups for low-risk patients (n=46; χ2=2.39, P>0.05). In medium-risk patients (n=47), the mutation rate in neck lymph node metastasis group (16/19) was higher than that in pulmonary metastasis group (3/8) and non-metastasis group (25.00%, 5/20; χ2 values: 5.89 and 13.75, both P<0.05), while there was no difference between pulmonary metastasis group and non-metastasis group (χ2=0.44, P>0.05). In high risk patients (n=41), the mutation rate in neck lymph node metastasis group (85.00%, 17/20) was higher than that in the pulmonary metastasis group (5/13) and non-metastasis group (1/8; χ2 values: 7.68 and 13.08, both P<0.01), while there was no difference between pulmonary metastasis group and non-metastasis group (χ2=1.64, P>0.05).@*Conclusion@#The BRAFV600E mutation is closely related to neck lymph node metastasis after operation in middle- and high-risk patients with PTC, but it does not significantly increase the probabilities of neck lymph node metastasis in low-risk patients and pulmonary metastasis in low-, medium- and high-risk patients.
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Follicular helper T cell (TFH) is a new CD4+ T lymphocyte subset which helps B lymphocytes to produce antibodies and is closely related to the development and progression of liver diseases. This article reviews the detection and differentiation of TFH and related functional molecules, the mechanism of action of TFH in helping B lymphocytes to produce antibodies through producing interleukin-21, as well as the role of TFH in liver diseases such as chronic hepatitis B, chronic hepatitis C, autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cirrhosis, hepatic failure, and liver transplantation, and points out that TFH may become the new target cell in the treatment of liver diseases.
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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) may be involved in the regulation of gene expression after transcription and play important roles in regulating hepatitis B virus (HBV) transcription and replication. This article summarizes the miRNAs with an anti-HBV effect in hepatocytes and 4 regulatory mechanisms, as well as the mechanisms through which HBV affects the expression of endogenous miRNAs in hepatocytes via HBx and self-coding miRNAs and promotes replication. The analyses show that the interaction between endogenous miRNAs and HBV in hepatocytes forms a complex regulatory network, competes for the results of regulation, and determines the activity of HBV transcription and the trend of disease progression. In-depth studies on the mechanisms of the influence of interaction between endogenous miRNA and HBV in hepatocytes on HBV transcription have great significance in exploring new anti-HBV methods.
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Objective To evaluate the expression of serum vascular endothelial growth factor(sVEGF) in differentiated thyroid carcinoma(DTC)patients before and after thyroidectomy and when recurrence occured.To analyze the relationship between serum VEGF and serum thyroglobulin(Tg)level.Methods sVEGF levels of 30 cases of DTC (7 patients with pulmonary metastasis,23 patients with locoregional recurrence)were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) before and after thyroidectomy and when recurrence occured.The levels of serum Tg and thyroglobulin antibodies (TgA) were detected by chemiluminescence method.The results were compared with those of the 30 cases of normal controls.Results sVEGF levels had no significant difference between pulmonary metastasis group and locoregional recurrence group before operation (t =0.373,P ＞ 0.05),but they were significantly higher than those in the normal control group(t =8.597 and 14.14 respectively,all P ＜ 0.05).sVEGF levels in patients with pulmonary metastasis or locoregional recurrence were significantly reduced at the 3rd week after operation and the difference had statistical significance with those before operation(t =5.977,11.50,P ＜ 0.05).The difference of postoperative level of sVEGF in patients with pulmonary metastasis,locoregional recurrence and in patients of normal control group had no statistical significance (t =1.593,1.525,P ＞ 0.05).sVEGF levels in patients with pulmonary metastasis or locoregional recurrence were significantly higher after recurrence than those before recurrence (t =7.387,12.16,P ＜ 0.05).After recurrence sVEGF levels in patients with pulmonary metastasis were significantly higher than those in patients with locoregional recurrence (t =4.167,P ＜ 0.05) It showed a positive linear correlation between serum Tg level and sVEGF level in DTC patients with recurrence(r =0.786,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion sVEGF is significantly elevated in DTC patients before operation and with postoperative recurrence,making it an important indicator to reveal the biological behaviors of DTC.
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Objective To evaluate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)and endostatin (ES) in the serum of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer at the time of before and after operation and postoperative recurrence. Methods The serum samples were obtained from 7 patients with postoperative lung metastasis and 21 patients with local recurrence after operation.The serum samples from 30 normal subjects were obtained as control.The levels of serum VEGF and serum endostatin were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbentassay (ELISA).Thelevelsofserumthyroglobulinwereanalyzedby Chemiluminescence method.Statistical analysis was performed with t-test using SPSS 13.0 software.Pearson correlation analysis was performed for the correlation between serum VEGF and serum ES and thyroglobulin.ResultsThe levels of serum VEGF and serum ES in patients with lung metastasis 3 weeks after operation were significantly lower than those before operation and at the time of recurrence [ VEGF:( 210.3 ± 30.4) ng/L vs (412.6 ±57.3) ng/L and(619.5 ± 126.4) ng/L,P ＜0.05 ;ES:(25.2 ±6.2)ng/L vs (34.3 ±7.6)ng/L and (38.6 ± 8.7) ng/L,P ＜ 0.05 ].And the levels of serum VEGF and serum ES in patients with local regional recurrence 3 weeks after operation were significantly lower than those before operation and at the time of recurrence [ VEGF:(209.3 ±36.7) ng/L vs (399.4 ±56.3) ng/L and (406.5 ±59.2) ng/L,P ＜0.05;ES:(25.7 ± 4.7 ) ng/L vs ( 35.2 ± 6.8 ) ng/L and ( 31.2 ± 7.6 ) ng/L,P ＜ 0.05 ].The expression of serum VEGF and serum ES in patients with pulmonary metastasis were significantly higher than those in patients with local regional postoperative recurrence ( P ＜ 0.05 ).There was a linear positive correlation between serum VEGF,serum ES and thyroglobulin levels in the patient with recurrent differentiated thyroid cancer( r =0.752,0.349,P ＜0.01 ).Conclusion The serum VEGF and serum ES level were significantly elevated in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer before operation and recurrence.The serum VEGF and serum ES were importantindicators to reveal the biological behaviors of differentiated thyroid cancer.